Studies have shown the effects of 'Racism' in the US

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A new study shows that blacks living in เกม xo most U.S. cities experience twice as much heat stress as whites.The researchers said the differences were not explained by poverty. It was due to the racism and discrimination in history.s a result, people of color generally live in areas with less green space and more buildings and roads. These exacerbate the effects of temperature rise and climate change.Cities are the magnifying glass known for its warm climate.Urban heat island effect is a technical term for the effect that urban buildings, roads and infrastructure have on temperature.All concrete and asphalt attract and retain more heat, ensuring that day and night in larger urban areas are much warmer than the surrounding places.

But within cities, there is often a big difference in the effects of this heat island, with tree-rich and green areas noticeably cooler than densely populated residential and industrial areas.Previous studies in the United States have found a link between warm urban neighborhoods and racist housing practices dating back to the 1930s.At the time, areas with a large African-American or immigrant population were "red-lined" in documents by federal officials and considered too dangerous for home loans and investments.This has led to a high concentration of poverty and low home ownership rates in some of the larger cities.The new study will provide a broader overview of these warm neighborhoods and the people affected by them.

Using satellite temperature data combined with population data from the U.S. Census, the authors found that the average black person lived in areas with higher summer daytime temperatures than non-Hispanic whites.For the purposes of this paper, scientists have defined "black people" to include all Hispanic people. (Regardless of race) and anyone who does not identify as white only In all six of the 175 largest urban areas in the continental United States, people of color tolerate the effects of heat increasing in summer.For black people this is especially common. The researchers said they experienced a 3.12C increase in heat on average in urban areas, compared with an extra 1.47C for whites.

Exposure to heat not only But only led to additional deaths But it is also linked to a wide range of effects such as heat stroke, loss of productivity in work and learning disabilities.Our study provides more quantitative evidence that racism, climate, and environmental racism exist," said Dr. Angel Hsu of the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, author of the paper. say And it's not just an event that happened alone. But still widespread throughout the United States While being poor is a factor contributing to the increasing urban heat in summer. But it doesn't give all the explanations.In about half of the city, the average black person experiences higher summer heat than those living below the poverty line, although only 10% of black people are classified as poor.

The exact cause of these differences can be found in history, experts say.We can keep track of these current environmental, economic, social and health inequalities to clear decision making and 20th-century urban planning policies such as" red adjustment ", said Dr. Jeremy Hoffman. Chief Scientist of the Virginia Museum of Science Did not participate in this new study.Even if money doesn't grow on trees But it clearly exists in the neighborhoods under them, especially in the United States. With temperatures likely to rise due to global warming over the next several decades, the issue is likely to worsen without significant information from state and federal governments, according to the president. Biden has promised.

However, a solution to the problem needs to be carefully thought out.In this article, the authors reflect on the fact that planting trees in hot areas can lower the summer temperature by 1.5C, which is a positive effect for residents.But new trees can also add property values ​​and impact home prices, potentially causing minority residents to replace policies designed to help.As our society goes viral, which shows that these same communities that heat up in the summer are also the ones most affected by Covid-19, we have to make sure we do that in our society." It is central to our recovery, ”Dr. Hoffman.But if decisions were made for these neighborhoods without the deliberate input and guidance from the citizens who lived there,